A Language Domain Comparison: Formal and Informal Usage among Seraiki and Urdu Speakers
Keywords:
Endangerment, vitality Domain analysis, informal domains, formal domainsAbstract
CD Existing Communicative Domains are very crucial indicators of language vitality and endangerment ((Brenzinger, et al, 2003). This particular theoretical framework is linked to the multilingual context and selection of an appropriate language in this regard, 'who speaks what language to whom, when, where and even why?' (Fishman, 1971). The aim of the present study is to compare existing communicative domains of Seraiki and Urdu and also to investigate the language domain choices of native Seraiki speakers against the language domain choices of Urdu L2 speakers. This comparative study has been based on Fishman’s model (1971). The tool for the study was a domain analysis checklist, which was a four-point likert scale for determining a variety of choices and linguistic behaviour of informants in the case of an indigenous language (L1) and a (L2) dominant language. This study demonstrates that the context impacts upon preferences of domains. The locale of the study was Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad. The total sample size was N=110. A purposive sampling technique was used in the present study, ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 28 years. Both males and female were included in the study. Results of the independent sample t-test revealed that there was a non-significant difference between Urdu informal and Seraiki informal domains but there was a significant difference between Urdu and Seraiki formal domains. Urdu is a language of the formal domain (employment, administration, education, transaction and government) as compared to Seraiki with trends towards an informal domain (family, friendship and neighbourhood).
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