Modelling and control of calcium levels from hormonal regulation in mammals for physiological Functions

Abstract

Almost all cells employ calcium signals to transmit
information and control a variety of metabolic
activities. Without calcium ions, it would be unable to
beat the heart, contract the skeletal muscles, activate the immune system to fight off invaders, or trigger the release of neurotransmitters to mediate cognitive functions. The cell nucleus can be reached by calcium signals, which can also function locally around the point of calcium entrance into the cytoplasm. The body attempts to maintain a constant level of calcium in the blood and tissuesso that it can carry out essential everyday processes. The bones will release calcium into the circulation when blood calcium levels get dangerously low, according to parathyroid hormone. In order to enhance calcium absorption in the intestines, this hormone may also activate vitamin D. PTH instructs the kidneys to release less calcium into the urine at the same time. When the body has enough calcium, a separate hormone called calcitonin works to accomplish the opposite: it lowers the blood calcium levels by preventing the release of calcium from bones and telling the kidneys to excrete more calcium in urine. Our aim is to study the role of calcium in our body and how its homeostasis can affect organisms on both land and sea the work will enable mankind to understand organism better. Understand the diseases in organisms much better and to develop medicine for such diseases. This is only possible when mankind has sufficient knowledge. Our approach in thisresearch paper will be to gain snippets of knowledge already gained by people all around the world.